Bestowed Existence :: essays research papers

<a href="http://www.geocities.com/vaksam/">Sam Vaknin's Psychology, Philosophy, Economics and Foreign Affairs Web Sites Blades and forks are objects outer to us. They have a goal - or if nothing else an intersubjective - presence. Probably, they will be there regardless of whether nobody watches or uses them until kingdom come. We can securely call them "Objective Entities". Our feelings and musings can be imparted - yet they are NOT simply the correspondence or its substance. They are "Subjective Entities", interior, subordinate upon the presence of one spectator - us. However, shouldn't something be said about numbers? The main, for example, has no goal, eyewitness free status. I am not alluding to the main as descriptor, as in "one apple". I am alluding to it as an independent substance. As an element it appears to remain solitary somehow or another (it's out there) - and be emotional in different ways (subordinate upon spectators). Numbers have a place with a third class: "Bestowed Entities". These are substances whose presence is presented to them by social understanding between cognizant specialists. However, this definition is so wide and comprehensive that it may be viewed as pointless. Religion and cash are two instances of elements which owe their reality to a social understanding between cognizant substances - yet they don't strike us as all inclusive and out there (objective) as numbers do. Without a doubt, this differentiation is relevant and our definition ought to be refined in like manner. We should recognize "Social Entities" (like cash or religion) from "Bestowed Entities". The last mentioned - as a glaring difference to the previous - are not all inclusive, they re reliant on the general public, culture and period that gave them birth. Not so with numbers. Numbers are Platonic thoughts which appear through a demonstration of cognizant understanding between ALL the operators equipped for agreeing. While cognizant specialists can contend about the estimation of cash (read, about its reality) and about the presence of God - no objective, cognizant operator can have a contention with respect to the main. Obviously, the gave substance classification appears to liberate itself from the interminable polarity of inside versus outer. It is both and easily so. However, this is just a hallucination. The polarity continues. The gave element is interior to the gathering of consenting cognizant levelheaded operators - however it is outer to any single specialist (person). As such, a gathering of reasonable cognizant specialists is sure to give presence on the main.

Bank Bailout 2008

Bank Bailout Outline I. Presentation II. Foundation III. Opposition’s point 1, discredit, first help for theory. a. Charge card Act of 2009 b. No Change by any stretch of the imagination, Banks despite everything working a similar way IV. Opposition’s point 2, disprove, second help for proposal. a. Formation of TARP b. $12. 2 trillion dollars of duty dollars were spent wrong c. Covering permitted numerous banks to permit credit again d. A larger part of banks have taken care of TARP cash e. After TARP, Economy helped V. Opposition’s point 3, discredit, third help for postulation a. Harmful resources can't be expelled effectively b. Government takes more cost, at that point expects c.Economy will decrease with evacuation of advantages VI. fourth help for proposal a. Expanded national obligation b. Lawmakers had to sign this bill c. No taking care of issues â€Å"Let’s trust we are largely well off and resigned by this place of cards falters† (Bloombe rg, 2007). The acknowledge emergency is known as the â€Å"House of Cards†, for a considerable length of time the financial business has changed numerous American lives, which has brought about an irksome economy. Numerous elements prompted the acknowledge emergency, for example, the ascent and fall of the lodging market, and wrong FICO assessments assisted with making the sub-prime home loan emergency (Issues and Controversies, 2010).Low financing costs grew simple credit, in which individuals could get a home loan and Mastercards dependent on incorrect FICO scores with the making of sub-prime home loans. Individuals can possess a home, with no up front installment or fixed salary. In August of 2007, the United States started lost trust in securitized contracts, which brought about the Federal Reserve infusing $20 trillion dollars into the money related markets to facilitate the circumstance (â€Å"Obama Sends Warning to Big Banks, 2010).The most significant inquiry to be r eplied in the decade is â€Å"How lost $500 billion dollars from the sub-prime home loan brought about a $20 trillion dollar misfortune in value esteems and a whole stun to the world’s budgetary system† (Woellert and Kopecki, 2007). The United States government ought not have given the budgetary foundations bailout cash, on the grounds that money related organizations utilizing provisos in the framework to exploit their customers, monetary establishments tasks have remained the equivalent, and the government’s conviction of a tree advertise economy conflicts with the bailout.The credit emergency is a â€Å"worldwide monetary disaster, which coming about because of sub-prime home loans, Collateralized Debit Obligations, Frozen credit markets, and credit default swaps† (Jarvis, 2009). The credit emergency unites two individuals, individuals on Main Street and speculators. The individuals on Main Street speak to their home loans or houses, while financial sp ecialists speak to their cash, which likewise speaks to huge establishments, for example, benefits reserves, insurance agencies, shared assets; sovereign assets (Jarvis, 2009). These gatherings brought through the budgetary framework, made out of banks and representatives on Wall Street.As a consequence of the September eleventh assault, Chairman Allen Greenspan brought loan fees just down to 1%, to permit credit to stream; be that as it may, financial specialists have a low quantifiable profit (Snow, 2008). By bringing down financing costs, it takes into account banks to just acquire cash from the Federal Government for 1% in addition to the surpluses from the Asian and Middle East market, which makes getting cash simple for banks and to permit influence (Adding up the Government’s Total Bailout Tab, 2009). The meaning of influence is, â€Å"borrowing cash to enhance the result of a deal† and is a significant way banks bring in their cash (Princeton University, 2010). Wall Street takes out a dominant part of advances and uses influence for their potential benefit, and an overwhelming progression of capital comes in. In which return, they take care of their unique venture. The speculators notice that Wall Street is bringing in cash exceptionally quick, and they need to make another item to offer to Wall Street. The home loan interfaces the home purchaser with a home loan moneylender on Wall Street who gives them a home loan, which is extraordinary in light of the fact that lodging costs all through America have been rising (â€Å"Bailed out banks†, 2010).The home loan bank gets a call from a venture financier who needs to purchase the home loan; and the bank offers it to him, and the speculation intermediaries purchases a huge number of home loans. Consistently the venture investor gets the installments from all the home loans that he bought from the container and cuts the case into three cuts â€Å"Safe, Ok and Risky†, and afterward he packs the cuts into the case and considers it a Collateralized obligation commitment or â€Å"CDO† (Woellert and Kopecki, 2007).However, avarice has ascended to the speculation broker and wants’ more home loans; be that as it may, the moneylender doesn't have further home loans to sell, since each and every individual who has equipped for a home loan as of now has one; and the introduction of the sub-prime home loan is conceived. With a standard credit, the mortgage holder needed to demonstrate his of a home, for example, an occupation, great standing resident, and resources. Be that as it may, with a subprime contract, it was fundamentally similar to free cash. The individual didn't need to express their salary, nor demonstrate that you had a job.The venture investor and the bank are facing a challenge, provided that a property holder defaults on their home loan, the moneylender gets the house and sells the house for a benefit since home estimations have been expa nding (Issues and Controversies, 2010). While home estimations have been expanding, American livelihoods have been falling for a considerable length of time; and on account of sub-prime home loans, the individual didn't need to demonstrate pay, an individual with a $30 thousand dollar pay; could claim a $300 thousand dollar home. Numerous individuals defaulted on their home loans, and abandonments have been on the ascent. In the United States, dispossessions were up 81% in 2008 and up 225% from 206†, which equivalents out to 19 for each 1,000 family units (CBS News, 2008). Due to there was a tremendous increment in abandonments, rather than lodging costs expanding; the houses esteems diminished in esteem rapidly and brought about more dispossessions. A $300 thousand dollar contracts was presently just worth $75 thousand dollars. So all the home loans that was in the speculation broker CDO, presently are useless, and nobody wants’ to take the CDO, and now the CDO is acti ng like a bomb (Roney, 2007).The venture financier is currently terrifying in light of the fact that he obtained a large number of dollars to purchase the home loan, and now he can't dispose of it; anyway he isn't the one and only one. A great many speculation financiers all through the world have CDO’s on their hand (Bailed out banks, 2010). In result the world’s money related framework has gotten solidified, and everybody begins failing. Because of the disappointment, the United States government reveals another program called Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP) to forestall another bank failure.Under the bank bailout, making of new enactment to ensure the shopper has quickly expanded, and supporters of the bank bailout point to the Credit Card Act of 209. Not exclusively were subprime contracts influenced, yet because of the freeze in the credit advertise in the United States government required an approach to direct the charge card industry, yet in addition to inv igorate spending. Under the Credit Card Act of 2009, they require the money related foundations to give the cardholders 45 day’s notice of any loan cost change and monetary establishments are restricted from utilizing misdirecting terms, for example, â€Å"prime or fixed rate† (The White House, 2009).With this enactment set up, it shields the purchaser from a significant number of the tricks that the home loan industry utilized as snare to get customers into purchasing houses they couldn't manage, utilizing the subprime contracts (Roney, 2007). Yet additionally it takes into account Congress to grasp new guidelines put on the budgetary establishments. The Credit Card Act of 2009 that has become some portion of the well known bank bailout, in any case, it has been appeared to secure the shopper, and Congress will control the new guidelines put on monetary institutions.For model, â€Å"there is no top on the financing cost the Mastercard organizations can charge†, and keeping in mind that Mastercard organizations can't expand you loan cost yet just in the event that you are late on an installment, â€Å"However future buys financing costs can be raised with no reason† (White, 2010). The charge card organizations can raise the loan fee on any buys, while they should in any case advise you of the higher loan cost, the swelling of the loan cost can happen at any time.This is the very same estimates the money related foundations have used to deceive their customers and â€Å"kick them when they are down† and â€Å"corrupt the working class of America† (White, 2010). How the subprime contract blasted, needed to originate from the terms that a significant number of the normal purchasers can't comprehend, and a significant repercussions of the subprime/credit emergency, happened when numerous individuals defaulted on their homes and Mastercards (Roney, 2007).Then the home loan and home won't exist for the family any more, and t he Visa organizations will expand their financing cost enough with the goal that the card holders won't have the option to pay their charge card/contract. In which then the money related organization dogs them and assaults them at their center roots and even calls other relatives to caution them of the card holder monetary issues since they can't cover their tabs. The banking and monetary organization have not taken any activities to keep another credit emergency from happening again.Supporters of the bank bailout, regularly alluded to as TARP, contend that the bailout cleaned all the terrible poisonous resources (CDO’s) which were gathered as aftereffect of the credit emergency and kept the advantages from harming the budgetary foundations. The significant beneficiaries were Freddie Mac; and Fannie Mae. Both were government possessed endeavors which purchased a greater part of the sub-prime home loans (Roney, 2007). Evacuating the ba

The Confederate Flag Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Confederate Flag - Essay Example It is just when the banner is abused that its history is damaged with contempt. Strangely, the NAACP doesn't restrict Americans who need to respect their Confederate progenitors (Currier, 2005). This equivalent gathering opposes the flying of the banner at Confederate burial grounds since they accept that any utilization of the banner is an underwriting of a token of white protection from dark accomplishment, opportunity, and balance (Currier, 2005). The Flag as a Symbol of Hatred The individuals who gladly fly the Confederate banner incorporate the individuals who share a scorn for any individual who is dark, Asian, or Jewish. This contempt has popped up as the Ku Klux Klan, racial oppression gatherings, and the individuals who have utilized the banner to advance scorn toward others. This scorn is felt all the more regularly in the southern areas of the United States however appears in the Northern districts too. For some, the Confederate banner speaks to subjection, prejudice, and lynchings (Cummings, 2002). It isn't exceptional to see Confederate banners flying on private property in the American open country. Insofar as the American banner hovers over the Confederate banner it very well may be flown without outcomes. That equivalent banner can be found in the windows and guards of numerous pickup trucks the nation over. In the old show The Dukes of Hazard their vehicle (The General Lee) had a housetop Confederate Flag on it. The Confederate banner issue has appeared in political choices in the south. In 2002 the Rebel banner was casted a ballot to stay a piece of Mississippi's state banner (Cummings, 2002). In spite of the misfortune the individuals who bolster the expulsion of the Confederate banner from the state banner promise to take the necessary steps to get the Confederate banner expelled from the state banner. Be that as it may, most in Mississippi decided to hold the state... This paper discusses the Confederate Flag, which to numerous in the United States represents an association with their precursors who battled under the banner during the Civil War. The banner was conveyed by confederate soldiers as they went into fight. Many battled, and kicked the bucket, under their norm. For the relatives â€Å"the Rebel banner represents Southern legacy and valor†. Numerous relatives demand that the banner speaks to the battle for â€Å"constitutional freedoms and state’s rights†. These relatives accept that the banner speaks to more than bondage. It speaks to a period in history that their predecessors effectively took part in. Today’s fliers of the banner need that association. It isn't exceptional to locate the Confederate banner flown at Confederate graveyards and it â€Å"seems completely sensible on the grounds that the troopers covered in Higginsville (a Confederate burial ground) battled and kicked the bucket under the Souther n Cross†. In the 1880’s the Confederate banner recovered prominence when individuals from â€Å"The Sons of Confederate Veterans and the United Daughters of the Confederacy tried to protect the flag’s legacy by flying it in dedicatory ceremonies†. Once more, this is a case of the banner being utilized to keep up an association with precursors who battled in the Civil War. The Confederacy, and the banner, are a piece of their legacy also. The paper reasons that the numerous contentions about the Confederate banner are enticing however it is it’s relationship with the Ku Klux Klan, racial oppressors, and loathe mongers that give it a terrible notoriety.

Hygiene and Cleaning in Food Manufacturing

Cleanliness and Cleaning in Food Manufacturing Karl Chamberlain Quality, Hygiene and Environmental Systems Substance Presentation Characterize the substance of value the executives frameworks and basically assess the business advantages of such frameworks What are the advantages to a food creating business of clinging to such a quality administration framework? The frameworks, methodology and records used by an organization to control the nature of a food item The frameworks, methodology and records used by an organization to control the wellbeing of a food item The frameworks, techniques and records used by an organization to control the legitimateness of a food item Reference list The significance of cleaning programs inside food creation regions in the meat business It is indispensable to the achievement of any food producing business to guarantee that viable cleaning programs are set up and are followed. The primary motivation behind cleaning inside an assembling domain is to forestall any physical, synthetic or microbiological sullying happening to the final result. Cleaning programs are utilized to guarantee that all regions of the manufacturing plant and bits of apparatus are cleaned accurately and to a pre-decided recurrence. Inside the meat business satisfactory cleaning is particularly significant as frequently crude and cooked meats will be cooked and utilized on a similar site so sullying from crude item to cooked is a high chance if hardware has not been cleaned appropriately. On the off chance that cleaning programs are not set up or are not followed there could be overwhelming ramifications for the producer. Right off the bat this could prompt a food contamination episode due to microbiological tainting. It could likewise prompt expanded client grievance because of physical or compound sullying. Both of these could cause an item withdrawal which will have tremendous cost suggestions for the business. Item withdrawals and client grumblings could likewise prompt losing business, both from end clients and from retailers. Losing business might prompt the conclusion of the business. Cleanliness Cleaning Procedure How an Environmental Management System can help a food fabricating business in meeting authoritative necessities and decreasing effects on nature Ecological administration frameworks have been in the utilization for around twenty years and over this time plans and norms have been made for such frameworks to follow. One such standard is the ISO 14001 norm, which was first made in 1996 . While the utilization of a natural administration framework is intentionally, progressively retailers are mentioning that there providers have a framework set up and that this framework is licensed by an outside organization. An ecological administration framework (EMS) ought to be utilized to deal with a food fabricating business’s natural effect. This can incorporate dealing with the company’s squander levels, material utilization, outflows and vitality use and transport suggestions. There are various bits of natural enactment which a food maker may need to cling to. This can remember enactment for air, water, vitality, waste and synthetic compounds. An EMS can be utilized to help the food business in meeting these necessities just as assisting with diminishing any effects on the earth. Before a natural administration framework can be set up right off the bat the administration must vow their dedication and an ecological arrangement ought to be made. This report ought to incorporate the goals of the organization seeing natural issues, for example, consenting to ecological enactment and ceaseless improvement of natural frameworks. Next an ecological survey ought to be completed, taking a gander at all of the natural issues that the organization has. This will permit the organization to discover the strenghts and shortcomings of the associations current activities. The subsequent stage is to design the natural mangement framework. All environemental issues influencing the organization ought to have been recognized already and this will give the beginning stages to the association. Environmntal guidelines and enactment ought to be thought of and wanted to be incorporated with the framework. The association should likewise set focuses for each piece of the framework and prograammes and framework ought to be instituted to accomplish these objectives. Once the enivornmental the board framework is arranged it ought to be actualized inside the business. All staff individuals inside the business ought to be informed about the implmenetation of the framework and howit will include them. Responsibilies ought to be assignemned and preparing giveen to individuals who will be legitimately invloved with the framework. Any natural angles secured by the framework ought to be coordinated into day by day strategies inside thhe organization. The association ought to guarantee that they have operational command over any procedures which are known to have ecological issues. Alternate courses of action ought to be set up if any piece of the framework falls flat or a mishap happenes, for example, a substance spillage and capable individuals ought to know about these plans and recognize what to do should an issue happen. When the ecological administration framework is completely actualized outside accreditation ought to be looked for. This will give the makers clients trust in their natural framework and will likewise assist with distinguishing any weaknesses in the framework. The natural framework and the arges set for it shold be estimated to guarantee that these are being met. The framework ought to likewise be regualrly reviewed against and any non conformances ought to be indetified, revealed and amended. Having an environemtal framework permits the producer to recognize natural issues and legislaion that must be met and gives strategies and proceures which give direction on exaactly how this ought to be finished. A natural framework is additionally a decent method to exhibit consistence to enactment as it shows that an association has truly commited to diminishing its ecological effect and holding fast to all significant enactment. End Cleanliness, cleaning and the techniques and projects related with this are a need to any food producing organization. There are various potential punishments and issues that can be brought about by not having legitimate cleanliness systems set up and could at last lead to the maker losing business or being closed somewhere near natural wellbeing. The significance of natural polices and framework are likewise indispensable for the accomplishment of a food producing business anyway during the downturn ecological issues and effects appear to have taken a rearward sitting arrangement to expanding efficiencies and reducing expenses anyway as the economy recoups natural issue may start to be a significant concentration for food makes once more. Reference List Buchanan, G. (1999). Cleaning, Sanitizing Pest Control in Food Processing [Online] Available from: http://seafood.oregonstate.edu/.pdf%20Links/Cleaning,%20Sanitizing,%20and%20Pest%20Control%20in%20Food%20Processing,%20Storage,%20and%20Service%20Areas.pdf Last got to: 01/04/2014 Cook Safe. (2012). Sanitation Assurance System [Online] Available from: https://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=trct=jq=esrc=ssource=webcd=1cad=rjauact=8ved=0CDEQFjAAurl=http%3A%2F%2Fmultimedia.food.gov.uk%2Fmultimedia%2Fpdfs%2Fcshrcleaning.pdfei=wexCU8u6I8nF7Aa18YG4CQusg=AFQjCNFZkCnzwokgHYqHLoev91PjjRm-0wsig2=kIZZraCA5clxeMG4OYQoXAbvm=bv.64125504,d.ZGU Last got to: 04/04/2014 Hugh Crane Cleaning Equipment (HCCE). (2013). Item Information Sheet: Powerfoam VF4 [Online] Available from: htttp://www. hughcrane.co.uk/media/item/information sheets/03HC2535.pdf‎ Last got to: 03/04/2014 Johnson DIversey. (2004). Johnson Diversey Quadet Clear [Online] Available from: www.dbm-ltd.co.uk/cleanliness/items//open/quatdet_clear_PIS.pdf‎ Last got to: 04/04/2014 National Standards Authority of Ireland (NSAI). (2003) ISO 14001 Environmental Management Standard; Detailed guide [Online] Available from: http://www.nsai.ie/NSAI/documents/6b/6b1d7f65-35c5-4b1e-a8e6-5431982da140.pdf Last got to: 04/04/2014 Nothern Ireland Environemnt Agency (NIEA). (2009). Estimating the adequacy of Environemntal Management Systems [Online] Available from: https://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=trct=jq=esrc=ssource=webcd=1cad=rjauact=8ved=0CC8QFjAAurl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.doeni.gov.uk%2Fniea%2Fmeasuring_the_effectiveness_of_ems_phase_1-2.pdfei=T-tCU6fOOMeg7AbHtICAAgusg=AFQjCNGV95A7BvrcGD51TjkMstp9CUrWNwsig2=EnF7STqNfbgVQbzOsXZpjgbvm=bv.64125504,d.ZGU Last got to : 04/04/2014 Play, A. (1997). ISO 14001 Implementing an Environmental Management System [Online] Avalable from: https://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=trct=jq=esrc=ssource=webcd=1cad=rjauact=8ved=0CDwQFjAAurl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ellipson.com%2Ffiles%2Febooks%2FISO14000.pdfei=eeVCU9WwOLPH7AamhYCgAwusg=AFQjCNE3xtTbKc8rCpwvzDXjyGN7pQL5-Qsig2=dgGtS7XJH5Z_2kfbg4wTywbvm=bv.64125504,d.ZGU Last got to: 01/04/2014

James Reichardt Monday May 24th 2004 Essay Example For Students

James Reichardt Monday May 24th 2004 Essay James Reichardt Monday May 24th 2004Vocab. exercise 26Approximate-The inexact time is 7:32 p.m. Presumption Is accepted that phantoms are a genuine. Mindful He was mindful in class. Guarantee I got a confirmation card that said I had finished a CPR course. Recognize I saw the recognized substance of the crook. Underline At the gathering I was attempting to stress my point. Fundamental It is basic to welcome water on a long excursion. Deception The image was an optical fantasy. Plausible In math class we are going over likelihood. Ambiguous I can enigmatically recollect my schoolwork from about fourteen days prior. |1 |A |Correct|A|probability||2 |D |Correct|D|Distinguishing ||3 |C |Incorrect |B|Illusive ||4 |B |Correct|C|Emphasizevly||5 |J |Correct|C|Certificate||6 |F |Incorrect |A|Essentially||7 |E |Incorrect |D|Approximation||8 |G |Correct|B|Vague||9 |H |Correct|B|Attention ||10 |I |Correct|C|Assume|

Blog Archive Diamonds in the Rough Public Nonprofit MBA at Boston University

Blog Archive Diamonds in the Rough Public Nonprofit MBA at Boston University MBA applicants can get carried away with rankings. In this series, we profile amazing programs at business schools that are typically ranked outside the top 15. Since 1975, the Boston University (BU) School of Management has offered a Public Nonprofit MBA (PNP), specifically designed to cultivate business management skills that can make a real difference in the world. Standing at 39th  in the 2012 Bloomberg Businessweek rankings, the BU School of Management exposes PNP students to a robust general management core curriculum in addition to specialized courses and resources targeting the governmental, public and private nonprofit sectors. Experiential field projects offer students hands-on consulting experience through such courses as “Marketing Social Change” and “Social Entrepreneurship.” The PNP program also maintains partnerships with high-profile nonprofit organizations, such as City Year and Education Pioneers, through which scholarship opportunities, enrollment deferral and application fee waivers are available to students interested in gaining work experience with these affiliations. Share ThisTweet Diamonds in the Rough

The Moka Exchange Research Assignment Paper - 825 Words

The Moka Exchange Research Assignment Paper (Case Study Sample) Content: Students Name:Professors Name:Course:Date:The Moka ExchangeMarcel Mausss three obligations of the gift entail giving gifts, receiving and reciprocating. In this particular case, a big man in the tribe of Kawelka arranges a feast to pay back a Moka  to a Peruwa, a man from a neighbouring tribe that had earlier on hosted such an event. With Moka meaning interest , Ongka arranges to repay more than what was given to him initially, which was 400 pigs. He intends to counter this by giving back 600 pigs, which indeed is in agreement with the obligation of reciprocity that whatever you give back must be of higher value. Ongka works hard to bring friends, relatives, and other his tribesmen together in smaller feasts to contribute pigs towards the big Moka to repay Peruwa. He does so to maintain the fame and status for him and his tribe and to outdo Peruwa. In the feasts, he collects enough gifts from the three feasts that he held. (Andrew, 32-46)Karl Polanyi argues, The economy is an instituted process  in non-western countries. It is a process where man interacts with his environment, to ensure means of material stuff continuously supplies his wants. This system is concerned with action within a market, where commodities are used as prices to quantify action and conditions of choice. When the economy is institutionalized, it brings about unity and stability, producing a structure in the society. Instituted economies are characterized by reciprocity, redistribution, and exchange. In the Moka exchange system, the environment is organized symmetrically to allow for successful reciprocative behaviour among the tribes. Kinship and neighbourhood positively contributed towards this reciprocating behaviour. The Kawelka people also demonstrated sharing and division of labour, which brings about a redistributive economy. Arranging for the big Moka meant that people had to share and contribute pigs and money towards its success, and in turn, the women ha d to take care of the pigs, demonstrating division of labour.Ongkas system of rule was by persuasion rather than physical coercion. He did not have real authority, leaving him no choice but to persuade his people to accept his ideas and plans. He encourages them to work hard for the success of him and his tribe. He makes speeches at the small makes to convince his people towards contributing for the big Moka.I have knocked you down because have given you so much,  declares Ongka at the end. He makes this statement to imply that according to their traditions, he had achieved for his tribe what any Big man  should. These include political and social gains. Among the social gains are fame, status, and prestige for both himself and his people, thus earning him favour among his people over the Australian rulers to come.Ongkas obligation to sponsor the Moka does indeed amount to fulfilling an agreement equivalent to a legal contract. This is so because customary practices associated with the Moka exchange are tied by rules governing Mausss obligations of gifts. Just like how legal contracts serve to preserve morality, the Moka gift giving is founded on morality. By giving, receiving and retuning gifts, moral bonds are created between the people involved in the thus exchange. Thus by agreeing to sponsor this, Ongka was obligated to honour the rules of the game  just like it is in a legal contract.Just like how the Kwakiutl chiefs organize their people and designate duties, Ongka was also responsible for organizing his people for a common cause. He made sure to encourage the men to work so as to raise more pigs while he delegated the duty of taking care of the pigs to the women once he acquired them. This is clearly shown by Rumbeka his favourite wife, who has to take care of more than ten pigs to serve as Ongkas contribution during the Moka. While the Kwakiutl chiefs acquire their positions and status from the primogeniture...