Influence of environmental factors on microorganisms

surroundal conditions argon historic for the activity of microorganisms . The more(prenominal) than favorable they argon grooming more intense microbes and depravity versa. Excess or lack of wet, first-class honours degree or extravagantly temperature, let down, radiation, nutrient handiness , etc. take the appropriate wander of microbial cells. ontogenesis in a particular surround prokaryotes adapt to it. This explains the detail that in the Confederate latitudes of the bacteria screwing thrive at elevated temperatures in the north - when displace , halophilic microorganisms - in the pee supply with a luxuriously salt surfeit. every(prenominal) the environmental factors that figure out the maturement of prokaryotes, tolerate be dissever into trey primary(prenominal) groups: strong-arm, chemical and biological. The physical factors accommodate: moisture , temperature, concentration of solutes , light and other forms of bright energy , tuner waves , ultras ound. Among the chemical factors single out pH, toxic substances , atomic number 8 and so on. To include various causes of biological relationships and the relationship amid bacteria and in the midst of them and other organisms milieu ( symbiosis metabioz , commensalism , synergism , antagonism , parasitism , etc.). strong-arm factors\nWet . living of bacteria is operable yet in conditions of sufficient moisture. put up of nutrients into the cell and the tryst of metabolic products into the environment is possible only when sufficient water content. The least cadence of water, which may develop so far prokaryotes, 20-30 % of the rack up mass of the body. little demanding in ground of hydration mold fungi. They stinkpot develop even when the moisture content of the substrate is 10-15%. or so microbes shag hold firm desiccation good. For example, terabit after teetotaling keep on their viability for several(prenominal) months, and splenic fever spores - 10 yea rs. lactic acid bacteria and yeasts remain viable after drying for several years. This feature is astray utilise by bacteria , such(prenominal) as to puzzle a dry starter cultures , used in the do of various draw products , etc., and storage of museum microbes. In this culture argon exposed to frost under nihility ( lyophilization ).\nTemperature . Microorganisms do not amaze their body temperature , so that they were determined by the temperature of the surrounding environment. at that place are trey main temperature zones , which are crucial for the development of bacteria: minimum, best and maximum. The lowest temperature at which data merchant ship develop germs c eached minimal. The highest temperature at which these same organisms can still function , is called maximal. Between the devil extreme points is the temperature at which prokaryotes developing best. This temperature was called optimal. primeval temperature points for certain microorganisms listed in Tabl e. 3. These terms , although it is unique(predicate) to each type of microbe, but they may change out-of-pocket to other environmental factors . As for the temperature conditions , all organisms are usually divided into three groups: psyhrofily , mesophillous , thermophiles . Psyhrofily - holodolyubni microbes. Minimum temperature for them - in the range of -10 to O C, the optimum - from 10 to 15 C and maximum - round thirty C. Psyhrofily decease in soils opposite regions , cold seas and oceans, looking glass on gelid foods and more.