Ferdinand de Saussure Essay

The origin of run-inFeatures of LanguageKnowledge of LanguagephilologyBranches of philologyApproaches to Linguistic StudiesSchools of LinguisticsTHE ORIGIN OF verbiageThe divine springThe graphic sound source o Primitive wordso Cuckoo, splash, rattle, hiss, buzzo bow-wow theory of style origin.The social interaction sourceThe physical registration sourceThe tool-making sourceThe genetic sourceoChild development AutomaticoDeaf children quiet users of sign language innateness hypothesisoWe atomic number 18 born with a capacity for converseing/using language(See Yule, Ch.1 Fromkin et al., Ch.6)MAJOR FEATURES OF HUMAN LANGUAGE1-Communicative function of language is to communicate2-Vocal human vocal organs be use3-Human sophisticated use of language is unique to human species 4-Social it s apply by the members of a community5-Natural t is a natural phenomena6-Changeable it deal and will change trough time7-Rule-g all overned there argon systematic rules in it.8-Produ ct of intellect it is the product of mental operation9-Arbitrary no systematic relationship between form and meaning 10-Creative language is used creativelyMINOR FEATURES OF LANGUAGE1-Language , unless recorded, flies away the movement we speak it. 2-Self-talk is a form of language3-We talk in our minds inner lecturing4-We can not help but to process and understand what we hear. 5-Language can be used by some to xert their power over others. 6-Language is used for cultural preservation and transmission . 7-Language is varied not monolithic.8-The direction of changes in language is not predictable.9-Language is personal as well as social.10-Language is a means for mental and social development.11-Language is a predictor of social identity.12-Language reveals patterns of how mind works.13-All languages have the same potential for developmentKNOWLEDGE OF LANGUAGEI know English.Produce individual sounds and combining them (Phonetics & Phonology)Form and dividing words (Morphology ) accord these words into phrases and sentences ( sentence structure)Understand the meaning of words, phrases and utterances (Semantics)Use the language appropriately in different contexts (Pragmatics).Language is an arbitrary and changeable set of vocal symbols which are cognitively formulated, and socially used for human natural communication.Linguistic cognition is knowledge about language which is acquired unconsciously.LINGUISTICS Linguistics is the scientific or logical examination of any aspect and property of language including the influences of language on any sphere of life.BRANCHES OF LINGUISTICSMICRO-LINGUISTICSPhonetics (Fonetik)Phonology (Ses Bilimi)Morphology (Dil Bilimi)Syntax (Sz dizimi)Semantics (Anlam Bilim)MACRO-LINGUISTICSPragmaticsSociolinguisticsHistorical-linguisticsPsycholinguisticsNeurolinguisticsAnthropological LinguisticsApplied LinguisticsAPPROACHES TO LINGUISTIC STUDIESDescriptive-PrescriptiveDiachronic-Synchronic germ GrammarTeaching GrammarTheoretica l GrammarSCHOOLS OF LINGUISTICSTraditional LinguisticsBased on study of LatinApplied to other languages, e.g. English, French19th C. Jacob Grimm, scoopful Mller, Henry SweetStructural LinguisticsFerdinand De SaussureLinguistics features as abstract system governing speechLangue and news piece language is regarded as language system stored in the mind of its speakers, parole is conceived as the actual language behaviorTransformational-Generative GrammarChomskyEvery language has a finite set of rules to produce infinite number of sentences Phrase structure rules and generative rulesDeep structure and surface structureStructure over meaningCompetence and performance.